Throughout their lives, women experience various hormonal changes that can affect their oral health. From adolescence to menopause, hormones influence the gums, tooth enamel, and saliva production, making them more vulnerable to conditions such as gingivitis and bone loss.

Adolescence and menstruation: the impact on gums

During adolescence, increased estrogen and progesterone levels can cause gum inflammation, making them more sensitive to bacterial plaque. Additionally, orthodontic treatments can make dental hygiene more challenging, increasing the risk of cavities and periodontal diseases. To maintain a healthy smile during this stage, it is essential to:

• Maintain proper oral hygiene, especially before bedtime.

• Use dental floss and mouthwashes.

• Avoid excessive consumption of sweets and sugary drinks.

• Attend regular dental checkups.

Pregnancy: increased risk of erosion and sensitivity

Hormonal changes and discomforts such as nausea and acid reflux can affect the oral health of pregnant women. The most common issues include:

• Enamel erosion due to the acidity of vomiting.

• Inflamed and bleeding gums, increasing the risk of periodontal disease.

• Dry mouth and a higher risk of cavities.

To prevent these effects, it is recommended to visit the dentist regularly, use fluoride mouthwashes, and maintain a balanced diet.

Menopause: dry mouth and bone weakening

During menopause, decreased estrogen levels can lead to:

• Dry mouth (xerostomia), promoting bacterial growth and bad breath.

• Desquamative gingivitis, which can expose tooth roots.

• Reduced bone density in the jaw, increasing the risk of tooth loss.

To prevent these issues, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene, consume foods rich in calcium and vitamins, stay hydrated, and avoid tobacco and alcohol.

Taking care of oral health is important in every stage of life. Maintaining good hygiene habits and visiting the dentist regularly can make a difference in a woman’s overall health and well-being.